Ungcoliseko kwishishini lempahla
● USun Ruizhe, umongameli weBhunga leSizwe leeMpahla nezeeNdwangu laseTshayina, wakha wathi kwiNgqungquthela yeClimate Innovation and Fashion Summit ngo-2019 ukuba ishishini leempahla zempahla liye laba lishishini lesibini ngobukhulu elingcolisa ukungcola emhlabeni, lilandela ishishini leoyile kuphela;
● Ngokwedatha evela kwi-China Circular Economy Association, malunga neetoni ezingama-26 ezigidi zeempahla ezindala ziphoswa kwiingxobo zenkunkuma kwilizwe lam minyaka le, kwaye eli nani liza kunyuka liye kwiitoni ezingama-50 ezigidi emva kowama-2030;
● Ngokwengqikelelo yeBhunga leSizwe leeMpahla neZinxibo laseTshayina, ilizwe lam lilahla inkunkuma yempahla minyaka le, elingana neetoni ezingama-24 ezigidi zeoyile ekrwada. Okwangoku, uninzi lweempahla ezindala zisalahlwa kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma okanye zitshiswe, zombini ezo zinto ziya kubangela ungcoliseko olukhulu lokusingqongileyo.
Izisombululo kwiingxaki zongcoliseko - iifayibha ezisekelwe kwibhayoloji
Iifayibha ezenziweyo kwimpahla zenziwe ngezinto ezikrwada ze-petrochemical, ezifana neefayibha ze-polyester (i-polyester), iifayibha ze-polyamide (i-nylon okanye i-nylon), iifayibha ze-polyacrylonitrile (iifayibha ze-acrylic), njl.
● Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezixhobo zeoyile kunye nokuvuswa kwabantu ekuqondeni ngokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Oorhulumente nabo baqalise ukuthatha amanyathelo ahlukeneyo okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zeoyile kunye nokufumana izixhobo ezivuselelekayo ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ukuze zithathe indawo yazo.
● Zichatshazelwe kukunqongophala kweoyile kunye neengxaki zokusingqongileyo, iifektri zemveli zokuvelisa iifayibha zeekhemikhali ezifana ne-United States, i-European Union, kunye ne-Japan ziye zarhoxa kancinci kancinci kwimveliso yefayibha yeekhemikhali eqhelekileyo, kwaye ziye zaguqukela kwiifayibha ezisekelwe kwi-bio ezinenzuzo ngakumbi kwaye ezingachaphazeleki kakhulu zizixhobo okanye okusingqongileyo.
Izinto ze-polyester ezisekelwe kwi-bio (PET/PEF) zingasetyenziswa ekwenzeni iifayibha ezisekelwe kwi-bio kunyeulusu olusekelwe kwibhayoloji.
Kwingxelo yamva nje ye-“Textile Herald” malunga ne-“Review and Prospect of World Textile Technology”, kuboniswe oku:
● I-PET esekwe kwi-bio eyi-100% ithathe ukhokelo ekungeneni kushishino lokutya, njengeziphuzo zeCoca-Cola, ukutya kweHeinz, kunye nokupakishwa kweemveliso zokucoca, kwaye ikwangene kwiimveliso zefayibha zeempawu zemidlalo ezaziwayo ezifana neNike;
● Iimveliso ze-100% ze-PET okanye ze-PEF ezisekelwe kwi-bio-based ziye zabonwa kwimarike.
Njengoko ulwazi lwabantu ngokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo luqhubeka lusanda, iimveliso ezisekelwe kwibhayoloji ziya kuba neengenelo ezibalulekileyo kwicandelo lezonyango, ukutya kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lwempilo ezinxulumene kakhulu nobomi bomntu.
● “Isicwangciso soPhuhliso lweShishini leeMpahla (2016-2020)” selizwe lam kunye “neSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu seShishini leeMpahla” zibonise ngokucacileyo ukuba indlela elandelayo yokusebenza yile: ukuphuhlisa izinto ezintsha zefayibha ezisekelwe kwibhayoloji ukuze zithathe indawo yezixhobo zepetroliyam, ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kweefayibha ezisekelwe kwibhayoloji zaselwandle.
Yintoni ifayibha esekwe kwibhayoloji?
● Iifayibha ezisekelwe kwi-bio zibhekisa kwiifayibha ezenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo ngokwazo okanye kwiimveliso zazo. Umzekelo, ifayibha ye-polylactic acid (i-PLA fiber) yenziwe ngeemveliso zezolimo eziqulethe istatshi ezifana nombona, ingqolowa, kunye ne-sugar beet, kwaye ifayibha ye-alginate yenziwe nge-algae emdaka.
● Olu hlobo lwefayibha esekwe kwi-bio alugcini nje ngokuba luhlaza kwaye lunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kodwa lukwasebenza kakuhle kwaye lunexabiso elongezelelekileyo. Umzekelo, iipropati zoomatshini, ukubola kwe-bio, ukuguguleka, ukungatshi, ulusu olunobuhlobo, iintsholongwane, kunye neempawu zokususa umswakama zeefayibha ze-PLA azikho ngaphantsi kwezo zeefayibha zemveli. Ifayibha ye-Alginate sisixhobo esiluhlaza esisemgangathweni ophezulu sokwenza ii-dressings zonyango ezi-hygroscopic kakhulu, ngoko ke sinexabiso elikhethekileyo lokusetyenziswa kwicandelo lezonyango nezempilo. Njengoku, sinezixhobo ezintsha ezibizwa ngokuba yi-call.ulusu olusekelwe kwibhayoloji/ulusu lwe-vegan.
Kutheni kufuneka uvavanye iimveliso ukuze ubone umxholo webhayoloji?
Njengoko abathengi besiya bekhetha iimveliso eziluhlaza ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ezikhuselekileyo, nezivela kwindalo. Imfuno yeefayibha ezisekelwe kwindalo kwimarike yelaphu iyanda imihla ngemihla, kwaye kubalulekile ukuphuhlisa iimveliso ezisebenzisa inani elikhulu lezinto ezisekelwe kwindalo ukuze zifumane inzuzo yokuqala kwimarike. Iimveliso ezisekelwe kwindalo zifuna umxholo osekelwe kwindalo kwimveliso nokuba isekwinqanaba lophando nophuhliso, ulawulo lomgangatho okanye ukuthengisa. Uvavanyo olusekelwe kwindalo lunokunceda abavelisi, abasasazi okanye abathengisi:
● Uphando noPhuhliso lweMveliso: Uvavanyo olusekelwe kwi-bio lwenziwa kwinkqubo yophuhliso lwemveliso olusekelwe kwi-bio, olunokucacisa umxholo osekelwe kwi-bio kwimveliso ukuze kube lula ukuphucula;
● Ulawulo lomgangatho: Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa iimveliso ezisekelwe kwibhayoloji, uvavanyo olusekelwe kwibhayoloji lunokwenziwa kwizixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo ukulawula ngokungqongqo umgangatho wezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwimveliso;
● Ukukhuthaza nokuthengisa: Umxholo osekelwe kwi-bio uza kuba sisixhobo esihle kakhulu sokuthengisa, esinokunceda iimveliso zifumane ukuthenjwa ngabathengi kwaye zithathe amathuba emarike.
Ndingawubona njani umxholo osekelwe kwibhayoloji kwimveliso? - Uvavanyo lweCarbon 14
Uvavanyo lwe-Carbon-14 lunokwahlula ngempumelelo izinto ezisekelwe kwi-bio-based kunye ne-petrochemical kwimveliso. Kuba izinto eziphilayo zanamhlanje ziqulethe i-carbon 14 ngomlinganiselo ofanayo ne-carbon 14 emoyeni, ngelixa izinto ezikrwada ze-petrochemical zingenazo naziphi na ii-carbon 14.
Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo olusekelwe kwibhayoloji zemveliso ziyi-100% yomxholo wekhabhoni osekelwe kwibhayoloji, oko kuthetha ukuba imveliso ifunyenwe kwi-100% yendalo; ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwemveliso ziyi-0%, oko kuthetha ukuba imveliso yonke iyi-petrochemical; ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo ziyi-50%, oko kuthetha ukuba i-50% yemveliso ivela kwibhayoloji kwaye i-50% yekhabhoni ivela kwi-petrochemical.
Imigangatho yovavanyo lwempahla ibandakanya umgangatho waseMelika i-ASTM D6866, umgangatho waseYurophu i-EN 16640, njl.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Februwari-22-2022
